| Indawo yokuziphakama: | Liaocheng, China |
| Igama lesithathu: | Jinzheng |
| Inombolo Yomodeli: | Ithile, Ithile Esikhulu |
| Umbiko Wokubekwa: | CE, BIS, JIS, GS, ISO9001 |
| Umbiko Wesilayiziweyo: | 1 Inji |
| Inani: | |
| Amabaliswano KaPhakathi: | UPAKHESHI LWESIBONISELO INTERNATIONALL |
| Isikhatsi Somucane: | |
| Amasethi Apho Aziphathelwa: | T/T, Lc ngokuqale |
| Ubungena: | 3000 TONNISETHE NGOMWELELO |
Ubulelano Obudala:
Amathumbu: Amathumbu ngokwezinto zingcazeleyo kwiqhutywa lepipe, uzokusetyenziswa ukuba uhlalele idikha yepayipayi. Zingunyazwe ngokuphi ndawonye ukusetyenziswa kokuthola okulandelayo noma amafutha okanye nokuthola imibhalo esisodwa, ukuze kufakwe umoya omphumeleyo ngaphandle komphendulo noma ezikhundleni zezikhono. Amathumbu angahlukile kwiqhutywa apho kukufuneka ukubalulekiswa kunye nokuba udikha wepipe wahlalelwe, njengemisebenzi wesayithi, i-HVAC, kunye nokusebenzisa pipe eziphakathi.
Amathumbu: Amathumbu amaningiyo asebenzisa ukwakhiwa ukubonisa upayipayi ukuya emanzini ombili, ukuze akhutshwe idikha engapheleleyo. Angunyazwa ngokuphi ndawonye ukwenza izicatshululo zipayipayi, ukuze kuhlulekwe umbala wesilinda okanye nokuthole imibhalo esisodwa. Amathumbu amaningiyo asetshenziswa kwiqhutywa apho kukufuneka ukuthole umoya okanye amafutha kunezinye izindawo, njengesayithi lesihlanu lokuthola amanzi, i-irrigation systems, kunye nokusebenzisa pipe eziphakathi eziningizimu.
Izixhobo zokubuyela: Izixhobo zokubuyela zisebenzisa ukuxhumana izicatulo ezidingezini, uvumelene olunye usuku lwezincathalo ezikusasa kwaye ezintatyatya ngaphandle kwi-sistema yokusebenza izicatulo. Kufuneka bese ekuthathweni lokuhlola ukuphakamisana nokuphucula kwesistemu, uzogqibela isistemo sokusebenza efanelekayo kunye neentsha. Izixhobo zokubuyela zikhutshwa ngaphambi komntu wokuqala ezi zindlela ezifanekiso zomoya nokugayi, uhlamvu lwemihlaba, kunye nokulima amaxhobo weesiGqabi, apho kufuneka kuzinxalenye izicatulo ezidingezini ezincedisiwe ngaphandle.
Amaflenji: Amaflenji angakho imigca esithathweni ukuxhumana izicatulo, amavela kunye nolwazi kanye neziphatha ezilandelayo, uzogqibela ukuxhumana okungasebenzi kunye nokukhombisa. Angakho imigca esithathweni ukuba kuhle ukubuya nokubuyiswa kwesi-sisteme sokusebenza izicatulo, uzokususa ukuvakasha, ukulungisa kunye nokubuyelela. Amaflenji akhutshwa ngaphambi komntu wokuqala ezindlela ezifanekiso zomthombo wemihlaba, uphawuli wokusebenza umoya kunye nokulima iishipe, apho kufuneka amaxhobo alandelwayo kunye nokuthi kuhle kwisebenzelo nokuhlola.
Izilungile: Izilungile zingca kakhulu lokuhlola, ukubhala nokugcina umgibe wemali wesintshontshi nokuxhasa ezintleni zokuthumela. Bazo bukuhlolwa ngokulandelayo kwiindawo eziningi lokusebenza, phakathi kokuthiwe ngokupheleleyo, ukusasazana nokuhlobene. Zisebenzisa kwiindlela ezidingekayo phakathi komoya okuthunyelwe ngeMvula kunye neHvac systems ngokwesintsha esentileni, izilungile ziphakamisela ukuthiwe ngokupheleleyo nokugcina umgibe wemali wesintshontshi.
Incazelo:
Siyahlukumeza ukwenza umbuyelekiso owenziwayo lwezindlela ezinomsindo, phakathi kokubhedlela, amathree, amareducer, amaflemu, amasilungile kunye nomnye. Iindlela zethulelwa ngokubheka kakhulu ngokusebenzisa imibono yezilondolozi ezincinci, uzokusure khona ukudurathela, ukusasazana nokufakelwa kwesicelo sokuncedisi. Ngoba usetyenziswa amafitini angaphambili okanye amafitini akhonzayo, sibonisa nokuba singakhiwo nokuba singakho iresesha ukuze sihlale kwindawo lakho.
Izicatshulwa zethophi zathinteleka ukuba zikhululeke amandla ngokushesha kwiqhapha lezi zethophi zakho. Amagqirha, ngokuvamile, zingena isiqinga somoya sokuhamba, uzokusure yilungu lomoya oluninzi lokugcina umoya. Izityi zivumela ukubuyiselwa kweziqhapha, izifinyelela ukusukelwa kusebenzelo kunye nokuhlola ukufundiswa komoya okanye imali. Izitya zihlanganisa ukusuka kweziqhapha ezidingwayo, uzokusure ukuthola ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuhlola ukudibana komoya okanye imali. Iziflanje zisetyenziswa njengezikhuni, uzokusure ukwakhiwa kunye nokuphucula kweziqhapha ngenkathi. Izivali, ngaphezulu, ziphatha ukusuka komoya okanye imali, uzokusure ukuseta amandla kunye nokuhlola ukusasazeka.
Izixhobo zethu zilayishwa kwiindlela eziningi ngokulandelana neziqondiso ezininzi, phakathi kwezilimo nezithole, izipetrokemikali, ukubuyisela kwesicoco, uphandlenko wamanzhi, amagreydi, uphandlenko wamanca, noxesha lokugqibela kunye nesiwo. Ngaphandle kokuba ungene kumsebenzi yobuxoki, izindawo zokusebenza nokuthi uhlawulekile nokusetyenziswa okanye nokuphucula, iifitingi zethu zazizama ukufumanisa imigomo ephakeme, ukuchasene kunye nobungakanani.
Amathetho akhozo lokusebenza laliphatha kwiindlela ezidingekayo lokuvamile, uzokusure ka ukuba le nto yindlela yakwentsha okanye yizikhatsi ezimbini. Siyavuma sesiqinisekisa esintshangayo nokuba sibuyele kuqhathanisa amaxwebhu okanye amathegi apha, usetyenziswa sasityenziswa ukuba siyibonise amaxwebhu asihle singabhedluleka ngamandla engeziyo.
Siqondile ukuthi kuhlukelela ukuthi ukuhambisana nge sikhatsi esebenza kakhulu kunye nezilungiselelo zokusebenza kwezi kheli. Umthetho wakwetu owufunekelayo siyafuna ukusiza kule ndaweni yonke, phakathi kokukhetha amaninzi kunye nokubika ngokubonisa kuphela kanye nokususa amandla. Siyaqaphela ukubona imibuzo emangathu kunye nokuhlala kakhulu ngeendlela ezidingekayo.
Izimo Zokusebenza:
Iindlebe: Iindlebe zisebenzisa ukukhubazela idikhiweni lodwa lokusebenza. Baye abahlukelela ukukhubazela okupheleleyo kwesitshixo sokumoya noma amagasesi, vumelene ukuthi akho amandla nokulula kunye nokusebenziswa kakhulu ngaphandle kwezindlunkulu. Zihlala iindlebe ezinye izikhundla ezininzi, phakathi kokupeteka komahluko, omphathisi wezintshaba kunye nokuthi umhlaba, ukuhlukeneyo, ukuvalwa kunye nokuxhumana nemhlabathyiso (ukuvalwa, ukuxhumana kunye nokuhlaba), kunye nokuthi.
Amatees: Amatees zisetshenziswa ukusetshenziswa amabranche kwiqhutywa leziphiwo. Zingabiza ukuqala kwesilondolozi noma igasesi ngemibuzo angaphambili, ubungokulandelana nobucopho bokuthatha nokusetyenziswa. Amatees angasetshenziswa ngokuphelele kumzekelwano echanekayo njengomsebenzi wokuthatha nokubuyela.
Izindaba: Izindaba zisetshenziswa ukuxhumana iziphiwo ezidingane, uzokusukula ukusetshenziswa ngokuphelele kwiqhutywa leziphiwo. Zingakuhlanganisa umnwe weflow rate kunye neleva lephresshu, uzokusukula ukufuneka kwiqhutywa elandelayo njengomsebenzi wamandla womoya, amafuthi lamanzi, kunye nemisebenzi yezindlela.
Iiflanji: Iiflanji zisetyenziswa njengezihlanganyelwe zeziphiwo, iivalvi kunye neziphi zomsebenzi. Zingabonisa uhlobo olunqapho lwesethazelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziphiwo, uzokusukula ukuba amandla nokubuyekeza kwiseva kunye nokusebenzela kukwahlulekileyo. Iiflanji zisetshenziswa ngokuphelele kumzekelwano echanekayo njengomsebenzi wokubhala imibhalo, i-aerospace, uphophiso lamanzi, kunye nokubhala.
Izilondolo: Izilondolo zisebenzela ukubeka, ukususa noma ukukhansela umoya noma amagasesi weminyaka esiqendu kwiindlela zokuthutha. Bayazi ngokupheleleyo ukuba baphumelela ukubaluleka kwezinto ezidingekayo, uhlobo olunqamathileyo kunye nekuphakamiselo. Izilondolo zikhona kusezinqanawa ezininzi zindawo, phakathi kwezintshisekelo eziyindlela kunye nokuthuthwa kwamagasesi kunye nokulula okanye ukuhlola kokuthutha.
Inye yezinto ezinikezayo izindlela ziyenza imvume yokuthi ziphumelele ukuze lendlwini loluhlu lwenqanawe lizisebenze ngokuphakamisayo kunye nokuthi libe lomphulo lwesikhephe sesinye sokuthutha kunye nokumoya.
Ukuphawula:
| EQUAL TEE | |||
| UBUNZIMA BEZINDLELA | UMDLWENI WESIKHEPHU mm | CENTER TO END | Ubude |
| Inchi. | OD | C | M |
| 1\/2 | 21.3 | 25 | 25 |
| 3\/4 | 26.7 | 29 | 29 |
| 1 | 33.4 | 38 | 38 |
| 1 1\/4 | 42.2 | 48 | 48 |
| 1 1⁄2 | 48.3 | 57 | 57 |
| 2 | 60.3 | 64 | 64 |
| 2 1⁄2 | 73 | 76 | 76 |
| 3 | 88.9 | 86 | 86 |
| 3 1⁄2 | 101.6 | 95 | 95 |
| 4 | 114.3 | 105 | 105 |
| 5 | 141.3 | 124 | 124 |
| 6 | 168.3 | 143 | 143 |
| 8 | 219.1 | 178 | 178 |
| 10 | 273.1 | 216 | 216 |
| 12 | 323.9 | 254 | 254 |
| 14 | 355.6 | 279 | 279 |
| 16 | 406.4 | 305 | 305 |
| 18 | 457.2 | 343 | 343 |
| 20 | 508 | 381 | 381 |
| 22 | 559 | 419 | 419 |
| 24 | 610 | 432 | 432 |
| 26 | 660 | 495 | 495 |
| 28 | 711 | 521 | 521 |
| 30 | 762 | 559 | 559 |
| 32 | 813 | 597 | 597 |
| 34 | 864 | 635 | 635 |
| 36 | 914 | 673 | 673 |
| 38 | 965 | 711 | 711 |
| 40 | 1016 | 749 | 749 |
| 42 | 1067 | 762 | 711 |
| 44 | 1118 | 813 | 762 |
| 46 | 1168 | 851 | 800 |
| 48 | 1219 | 889 | 838 |
| AMAPHUZI | ||||
| amanda | mm | Y | y | H |
| 3⁄4 x 3⁄4 | 20 x 15 | 26,67 | 21,34 | 38,10 |
| 3⁄4 x 3⁄8 | 20 x 10 | 26,67 | 17,14 | 38,10 |
| 1 x 3⁄4 | 25 x 20 | 33,40 | 26,67 | 50,80 |
| 1 x 1⁄2 | 25 x 15 | 33,40 | 21,34 | 50,80 |
| 1 1⁄4 x 1 | 32 x 25 | 42,16 | 33,40 | 50,80 |
| 1 1⁄4 x 3⁄4 | 32 x 20 | 42,16 | 26,67 | 50,80 |
| 1 1⁄4 x 1⁄2 | 32 x 15 | 42,16 | 21,34 | 50,80 |
| 1 1⁄2 x 1 1⁄4 | 40 x 32 | 48,26 | 42,16 | 63,50 |
| 1 1⁄2 x 1 | 40 x 25 | 48,26 | 33,40 | 63,50 |
| 1 1⁄2 x 3⁄4 | 40 x 20 | 48,26 | 26,67 | 63,50 |
| 1 1⁄2 x 1⁄2 | 40 x 15 | 48,26 | 21,34 | 63,50 |
| 2 x 1 1⁄2 | 50 x 40 | 60,32 | 48,26 | 76,20 |
| 2 x 1 1⁄4 | 50 x 32 | 60,32 | 42,16 | 76,20 |
| 2 x 1 | 50 x 25 | 60,32 | 33,40 | 76,20 |
| 2 x 3⁄4 | 50 x 20 | 60,32 | 26,67 | 76,20 |
| 2 1⁄2 x 2 | 65 x 50 | 73,02 | 60,32 | 88,90 |
| 2 1⁄2 x 1 1⁄2 | 65 x 40 | 73,02 | 48,26 | 88,90 |
| 2 1⁄2 x 1 1⁄4 | 65 x 32 | 73,02 | 42,16 | 88,90 |
| 2 1⁄2 x 1 | 65 x 25 | 73,02 | 33,40 | 88,90 |
| 3 x 2 1⁄2 | 80 x 65 | 88,90 | 73,02 | 88,90 |
| 3 x 2 | 80 x 50 | 88,90 | 60,32 | 88,90 |
| 3 x 1 1\/2 | 80 x 40 | 88,90 | 48,26 | 88,90 |
| 3 x 1 1\/4 | 80 x 32 | 88,90 | 42,16 | 88,90 |
| 3 1\/2 x 3 | 90 x 80 | 101,60 | 88,90 | 101.60 |
| 3 1\/2 x 2 1\/2 | 90 x 65 | 101,60 | 73,02 | 101.60 |
| 3 1\/2 x 2 | 90 x 50 | 101,60 | 60,32 | 101.60 |
| 3 1⁄2 x 1 1⁄2 | 90 x 40 | 101,60 | 48,26 | 101.60 |
| 3 1⁄2 x 1 1⁄4 | 90 x 32 | 101,60 | 42,16 | 101.60 |
| 4 x 3 1⁄2 | 100 x 90 | 114,30 | 73,02 | 101.60 |
| 4 x 3 | 100 x 80 | 114,30 | 88,90 | 101.60 |
| 4 x 2 1\/2 | 100 x 65 | 114,30 | 73,02 | 101.60 |
| 4 x 2 | 100 x 50 | 114,30 | 60,32 | 101.60 |
| 4 x 1 1\/2 | 100 x 40 | 114,30 | 48,26 | 101.60 |
| 5 x 4 | 125 x 100 | 141,30 | 114,30 | 127,00 |
| 5 x 3 1⁄2 | 125 x 90 | 141,30 | 101,60 | 127,00 |
| 5 x 3 | 125 x 80 | 141,30 | 88,90 | 127,00 |
| 5 x 2 1⁄2 | 125 x 65 | 141,30 | 73,02 | 127,00 |
| 5 x 2 | 125 x 50 | 141,30 | 60,32 | 127,00 |
| 6 x 5 | 150 x 125 | 168,27 | 141,30 | 139,7 |
| 6 x 4 | 150 x 100 | 168,27 | 114,30 | 139,7 |
| 6 x 1⁄2 | 150 x 90 | 168,27 | 101,60 | 139,7 |
| 6 x 3 | 150 x 80 | 168,27 | 88,90 | 139,7 |
| 6 x 1⁄2 | 150 x 65 | 168,27 | 73,02 | 139,7 |
| 8 x 6 | 200 x 150 | 219,07 | 168,27 | 152,4 |
| 8 x 5 | 200 x 125 | 219,07 | 141,30 | 152,4 |
| 8 x 4 | 200 x 100 | 219,07 | 114,30 | 152,4 |
| 8 x 3 1⁄2 | 200 x 90 | 219,07 | 101,60 | 152,4 |
| 10 x 8 | 250 x 200 | 273,05 | 219,07 | 177,8 |
| 10 x 6 | 250 x 150 | 273,05 | 168,27 | 177,8 |
| 10 x 5 | 250 x 125 | 273,05 | 141,30 | 177,8 |
| 10 x 4 | 250 x 100 | 273,05 | 114,30 | 177,8 |
| 12 x 10 | 300 x 250 | 323,85 | 273,05 | 203,2 |
| 12 x 8 | 300 x 200 | 323,85 | 219,07 | 203,2 |
| 12 x 6 | 300 x 150 | 323,85 | 168,27 | 203,2 |
| 12 x 5 | 300 x 125 | 323,85 | 141,30 | 203,2 |
| 14 x 12 | 350 x 300 | 355,60 | 323,85 | 330,2 |
| 14 x 10 | 350 x 250 | 355,60 | 273,05 | 330,2 |
| 14 x 8 | 350 x 200 | 355,60 | 219,07 | 330,2 |
| 14 x 6 | 350 x 150 | 355,60 | 168,27 | 330,2 |
| 16 x 14 | 400 x 350 | 406,40 | 355,60 | 355,6 |
| 16 x 12 | 400 x 300 | 406,40 | 323,85 | 355,6 |
| 16 x 10 | 400 x 250 | 406,40 | 273,05 | 355,6 |
| 16 x 8 | 400 x 200 | 406,40 | 219,07 | 355,6 |
| 18 x 16 | 450 x 400 | 457,20 | 406,40 | 381,0 |
| 18 x 14 | 450 x 350 | 457,20 | 355,60 | 381,0 |
| 18 x 12 | 450 x 300 | 457,20 | 323,85 | 381,0 |
| 18 x 10 | 450 x 250 | 457,20 | 273,05 | 381,0 |
| 20 x 18 | 500 x 450 | 508,00 | 457,20 | 508,0 |
| 20 x 16 | 500 x 400 | 508,00 | 406,40 | 508,0 |
| 20 x 14 | 500 x 350 | 508,00 | 355,60 | 508,0 |
| 20 x 12 | 500 x 300 | 508,00 | 323,85 | 508,0 |
| 22 x 20 | 550 x 500 | 558,80 | 508,00 | 508,0 |
| 22 x 18 | 550 x 450 | 558,80 | 457,20 | 508,0 |
| 22 x 16 | 550 x 400 | 558,80 | 406,40 | 508,0 |
| 22 x 14 | 550 x 350 | 558,80 | 355,60 | 508,0 |
| 24 x 22 | 600 x 550 | 609,6 | 558,80 | 508,0 |
| 24 x 20 | 600 x 500 | 609,6 | 508,00 | 508,0 |
| 24 x 18 | 600 x 450 | 609,6 | 457,20 | 508,0 |
| 24 x 16 | 600 x 400 | 609,6 | 406,40 | 508,0 |
| igqirha leShort Radius Elbow ngu-45 degree | ||||||
| Nom.PipeSize | PipeSched.or No. | Umgca-wesintsha | UbubanziBucacile | UbubanziBukhulu | UbudeLomgqambo | IsilumkoEsishona(lb.) |
| F | OD | ID | T | |||
| UMDLULO OWAWULILE | ||||||
| 1\/2 | 40 | 5⁄8 | 0.840 | 0.622 | 0.109 | 0.1 |
| 3\/4 | 40 | 7⁄16 | 1.050 | 0.824 | 0.113 | 0.1 |
| 1 | 40 | 7⁄8 | 1.315 | 1.049 | 0.133 | 0.2 |
| 1 1\/4 | 40 | 1 | 1.660 | 1.380 | 0.140 | 0.4 |
| 1 1⁄2 | 40 | 1 1⁄8 | 1.900 | 1.610 | 0.145 | 0.5 |
| 2 | 40 | 1 3⁄8 | 2.375 | 2.067 | 0.154 | 0.9 |
| 2 1⁄2 | 40 | 1 3⁄4 | 2.875 | 2.469 | 0.203 | 1.5 |
| 3 | 40 | 2 | 3.500 | 3.068 | 0.216 | 2.5 |
| 3 1⁄2 | 40 | 2 1⁄4 | 4.000 | 3.548 | 0.226 | 3.5 |
| 4 | 40 | 2 1⁄2 | 4.500 | 4.026 | 0.237 | 4.8 |
| 5 | 40 | 3 1⁄8 | 5.563 | 5.047 | 0.258 | 7.8 |
| 6 | 40 | 3 3⁄4 | 6.625 | 6.065 | 0.280 | 12 |
| 8 | 40 | 5 | 8.625 | 7.981 | 0.322 | 23 |
| 10 | 40 | 6 1⁄4 | 10.750 | 10.020 | 0.365 | 42 |
| 12 | - | 7 1⁄2 | 12.750 | 12.000 | 0.375 | 61 |
| 14 | 30 | 8 3⁄4 | 14.000 | 13.250 | 0.375 | 79 |
| 16 | 30 | 10 | 16.000 | 15.250 | 0.375 | 103 |
| 18 | - | 11 1⁄4 | 18.000 | 17.250 | 0.375 | 132 |
| 20 | 20 | 12 1⁄2 | 20.000 | 19.250 | 0.375 | 160 |
| 22 | 20 | 13 1⁄2 | 22.000 | 21.250 | 0.375 | 195 |
| 24 | 20 | 15 | 24.000 | 23.250 | 0.375 | 238 |
| NGOMNYAMA OMNYAMA | ||||||
| Nom.PipeSize | PipeSched.or No. | Umgca-wesintsha | UbubanziBucacile | UbubanziBukhulu | UbudeLomgqambo | IsilumkoEsishona(lb.) |
| F | OD | ID | T | |||
| 1\/2 | 80 | 5⁄8 | 0.840 | 0.546 | 0.147 | 0.2 |
| 3\/4 | 80 | 7⁄16 | 1.050 | 0.742 | 0.154 | 0.3 |
| 1 | 80 | 7⁄8 | 1.315 | 0.957 | 0.179 | 0.4 |
| 1 1\/4 | 80 | 1 | 1.660 | 1.278 | 0.191 | 0.5 |
| 1 1⁄2 | 80 | 1 1⁄8 | 1.900 | 1.500 | 0.200 | 0.6 |
| 2 | 80 | 1 3⁄8 | 2.375 | 1.939 | 0.218 | 1.1 |
| 2 1⁄2 | 80 | 1 3⁄4 | 2.875 | 2.323 | 0.276 | 2.1 |
| 3 | 80 | 2 | 3.500 | 2.900 | 0.300 | 3.5 |
| 3 1⁄2 | 80 | 2 1⁄4 | 4.000 | 3.364 | 0.318 | 4.8 |
| 4 | 80 | 2 1⁄2 | 4.500 | 3.826 | 0.337 | 6.5 |
| 5 | 80 | 3 1⁄8 | 5.563 | 4.813 | 0.375 | 11 |
| 6 | 80 | 3 3⁄4 | 6.625 | 5.761 | 0.432 | 18 |
| 8 | 80 | 5 | 8.625 | 7.625 | 0.500 | 35 |
| 10 | 60 | 6 1⁄4 | 10.750 | 9.750 | 0.500 | 56 |
| 12 | - | 7 1⁄2 | 12.750 | 11.750 | 0.500 | 80 |
| 14 | - | 8 3⁄4 | 14.000 | 13.000 | 0.500 | 100 |
| 16 | 40 | 10 | 16.000 | 15.000 | 0.500 | 131 |
| 18 | - | 11 1⁄4 | 18.000 | 17.000 | 0.500 | 172 |
| 20 | 30 | 12 1⁄2 | 20.000 | 19.000 | 0.500 | 210 |
| 22 | 30 | 13 1⁄2 | 22.000 | 21.000 | 0.500 | 259 |
| 24 | - | 15 | 24.000 | 23.000 | 0.500 | 302 |
| inxumo yenqaba enye le-90 degree yenqanawa yomdlalo | ||
| NPS | O.D.D | Center-to-EndA |
| 1 | 33.4 | 25 |
| 1¼ | 42.2 | 32 |
| 1½ | 48.3 | 38 |
| 2 | 60.3 | 51 |
| 2½ | 73 | 64 |
| 3 | 88.9 | 76 |
| 3½ | 101.6 | 89 |
| 4 | 114.3 | 102 |
| 5 | 141.3 | 127 |
| 6 | 168.3 | 152 |
| 8 | 219.1 | 203 |
| 10 | 273 | 254 |
| 12 | 323.8 | 305 |
| 14 | 355.6 | 356 |
| 16 | 406.4 | 406 |
| 18 | 457 | 457 |
| 20 | 508 | 508 |
| 22 | 559 | 559 |
| 24 | 610 | 610 |
| inxumo yenqaba enye le-180 degree yenqanawa yomdlalo | |||||
| NPS | O.D.D | umkono we-180° | umkono we-180° | ||
| Gxilishe ngaphandle kweCenterO | Buyela phakathi kwendawoK | Gxilishe ngaphandle kweCenterO | Buyela phakathi kwendawoK | ||
| 1\/2 | 21.3 | 76 | 48 | - | - |
| 3\/4 | 26.7 | 76 | 51 | - | - |
| 1 | 33.4 | 76 | 56 | 51 | 41 |
| 1¼ | 42.2 | 95 | 70 | 64 | 52 |
| 1½ | 48.3 | 114 | 83 | 76 | 62 |
| 2 | 60.3 | 152 | 106 | 102 | 81 |
| 2½ | 73 | 190 | 132 | 127 | 100 |
| 3 | 88.9 | 229 | 159 | 152 | 121 |
| 3½ | 101.6 | 267 | 184 | 178 | 140 |
| 4 | 114.3 | 305 | 210 | 203 | 159 |
| 5 | 141.3 | 381 | 262 | 254 | 197 |
| 6 | 168.3 | 457 | 313 | 305 | 237 |
| 8 | 219.1 | 610 | 414 | 406 | 313 |
| 10 | 273 | 762 | 518 | 508 | 391 |
| 12 | 323.8 | 914 | 619 | 610 | 467 |
| 14 | 355.6 | 1067 | 711 | 711 | 533 |
| 16 | 406.4 | 1219 | 813 | 813 | 610 |
| 18 | 457 | 1372 | 914 | 914 | 686 |
| 20 | 508 | 1524 | 1016 | 1016 | 762 |
| 22 | 559 | 1676 | 1118 | 1118 | 838 |
| 24 | 610 | 1829 | 1219 | 1219 | 914 |
| isiqumo esiqedwa le-45 nqaku elibhokisi | |||||||
| Kwabantu ababini obabanikwe | Isiqumo lesi-90/45 deg | amava amabili we-180° | |||||
| Ubungakanani Bokuqinisekiswa (NPS) | Ubunxele wamagcali ngaphandle komoya | Ubunxele wememe ngasemva | Isithicknesi sombala t1 | Ukungena kwiqhama le ndawo A-B-C-M | Ukungena kwiqhama le ndawo O | Ukungena kubantu K | Ukubuyisela kweendawo U |
| 1/2 a 2 1/2 | 1 | 0,8 | Ayiqinisekisi | 2 | 7 | 7 | 1 |
| 3 a 3 1/2 | 1 | 1,6 | okuqinilekileyo | 2 | 7 | 7 | 1 |
| 4 | +2 -1 | 1,6 | ngemva kwe- | 2 | 7 | 7 | 1 |
| 5 a 6 | +3 -1 | 1,6 | 87,50% | 2 | 7 | 7 | 1 |
| 8 | 2 | 1,6 | kwesintsha | 2 | 7 | 7 | 1 |
| 10 | +4 -3 | 3,2 | ukuphakamisa | 2 | 7 | 7 | 2 |
| 12 a 18 | +4 -3 | 3,2 | 3 | 10 | 7 | 2 | |
| 20 a 24 | +6 -5 | 4,8 | 3 | 10 | 7 | 2 | |
| 26 a 30 | +7 -5 | 4,8 | 3 | ..... | ..... | ..... | |
| 32 a 48 | +7 -5 | 4,8 | 5 | ..... | ..... | ..... | |
| inxuku ye-90 degree Engeyiwe Kwesintsi | |||||
| NPS | O.D.D | 90 degreesLong RadiusCenter-to-EndA | 45 degreesLong RadiusCenter-to-EndB | 90 degrees3DCenter-to-EndA | 45 degrees3DCenter-to-EndB |
| 1\/2 | 21.3 | 38 | 16 | - | - |
| 3\/4 | 26.7 | 38 | 19 | 57 | 24 |
| 1 | 33.4 | 38 | 22 | 76 | 31 |
| 1¼ | 42.2 | 48 | 25 | 95 | 39 |
| 1½ | 48.3 | 57 | 29 | 114 | 47 |
| 2 | 60.3 | 76 | 35 | 152 | 63 |
| 2½ | 73 | 95 | 44 | 190 | 79 |
| 3 | 88.9 | 114 | 51 | 229 | 95 |
| 3½ | 101.6 | 133 | 57 | 267 | 111 |
| 4 | 114.3 | 152 | 64 | 305 | 127 |
| 5 | 141.3 | 190 | 79 | 381 | 157 |
| 6 | 168.3 | 229 | 95 | 457 | 189 |
| 8 | 219.1 | 305 | 127 | 610 | 252 |
| 10 | 273 | 381 | 159 | 762 | 316 |
| 12 | 323.8 | 457 | 190 | 914 | 378 |
| 14 | 355.6 | 533 | 222 | 1067 | 441 |
| 16 | 406.4 | 610 | 254 | 1219 | 505 |
| 18 | 457 | 686 | 286 | 1372 | 568 |
| 20 | 508 | 762 | 318 | 1524 | 632 |
| 22 | 559 | 838 | 343 | 1676 | 694 |
| 24 | 610 | 914 | 381 | 1829 | 757 |
| 26 | 660 | 991 | 406 | 1981 | 821 |
| 28 | 711 | 1067 | 438 | 2134 | 883 |
| 30 | 762 | 1143 | 470 | 2286 | 964 |
| 32 | 813 | 1219 | 502 | 2438 | 1010 |
| 34 | 864 | 1295 | 533 | 2591 | 1073 |
| 36 | 914 | 1372 | 565 | 2743 | 1135 |
| 38 | 965 | 1448 | 600 | 2896 | 1200 |
| 40 | 1016 | 1524 | 632 | 3048 | 1264 |
| 42 | 1067 | 1600 | 660 | 3200 | 1326 |
| 44 | 1118 | 1676 | 695 | 3353 | 1389 |
| 46 | 1168 | 1753 | 727 | 3505 | 1453 |
| 48 | 1219 | 1829 | 759 | 3658 | 1516 |
| i-Elbow ye-Radius elilungileyo le-180 ngqo | |||
| NPS | O.D. D | 180° Ye-Radius elilungileyo | |
| Center to CenterO | Back to FaceK | ||
| 1\/2 | 21.3 | 76 | 48 |
| 3\/4 | 26.7 | 76 | 51 |
| 1 | 33.4 | 76 | 56 |
| 1¼ | 42.2 | 95 | 70 |
| 1½ | 48.3 | 114 | 83 |
| 2 | 60.3 | 152 | 106 |
| 2½ | 73 | 190 | 132 |
| 3 | 88.9 | 229 | 159 |
| 3½ | 101.6 | 267 | 184 |
| 4 | 114.3 | 305 | 210 |
| 5 | 141.3 | 381 | 262 |
| 6 | 168.3 | 457 | 313 |
| 8 | 219.1 | 610 | 414 |
| 10 | 273 | 762 | 518 |
| 12 | 323.8 | 914 | 619 |
| 14 | 355.6 | 1067 | 711 |
| 16 | 406.4 | 1219 | 813 |
| 18 | 457 | 1372 | 914 |
| 20 | 508 | 1524 | 1016 |
| 22 | 559 | 1676 | 1118 |
| 24 | 610 | 1829 | 1219 |
Ukuphumelela Kwesicwangciso:
Siyithintore yomkhuhlane okanye isithuthi esihlukele kakhulu nezifityana zophakathi ezincinci ngephakathi, uzokufuneka ukuba uhlale kwindawo yokuhlola obunene kunye nokusebenza. Izixhobo zethu ezikhoyo, ngaphandle kokubonisa amandla akho, zingabheka ukuthi siyindlela esisekelwe kakhulu lokusetyenziswa nokuthuthuka kakhulu, futhi sibekisisa njengomthetho wesekishini.
Kwesikhashana sokugcina kwaye kwiindawo ezidingekayo, amaxhobo omandleni atholakala kuzo kuzo zingathemba ukuthi zizoshintsha izinhlobo ezininzi zezimvume nezindlela ezinomsindo. Ukudibanisa olwandle lwezinto, siphatha iindlela ezidingekayo zokuthutha amanzi, iindlela zokuthutha izinkozo, iindlela zokuthutha amagwinya, kunye nazo zonke izindlela, zingabaqhubekanga ukuthi zisetyenziswa ukwenza izinsizo ezidingekayo.
Ngokubanzi kwezinto ezinikezeliyo zethu, siyazi ukuthi lokhu olunye ukuhlanganiswa nokuphucumana kufanele kusenzo esisodwa. I-kompani yakho sithanda kunye nokuhlala ngokukhululekile ngezindlela ezimdabeni zokungena amagcino okanyeziwe yokuqinisekisa, ushishayele ukuthi abafakathi babe baphumelele amathuluzi angapho afaka amandla ahlula kwazo. Ngokushesha okanye umlando wamandla omphumeleyo okanye iindawo ezintsha, sithathe ukwazi ukusebenzela ngokukhulu ngenxa yobuntu bendawo bafakathi bethu ukuthola amathuluzi angapho afaka amandla ahlula kwezinto zakhe.
Kunye nalokho, siyazi ukuthi lokhu olunye ulwandlelako lwenqanawe yokusebenza. Ukukholelwa kwenzelelo lwethu lokuthi luhamba ngqukuze lube ngokulandelana kuhlanganiselo lethegi. Ngenqanawe yokugcina ukusebenza kwaye nokuthi olungaba ngokulandelana, siyathemba ukuthi izinto zethu zizozalwa emfazweni wethu ngokuphi indlela, uzokusenzela ukuba le nqanawe lenzelele lizivalele ngokuphi indlela kunye nokuncedisa isikhatsi esidingene.
Umgcino wethu omhle uzohlala ukukhipha ngezintsimbi zethu!
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